The Streets of Ashkelon, by Harry Harrison (epub/Kindle/pdf)

Harrison wrote this story for a Judith Merril-edited anthology which was to contain original stories that all violated societal taboos in some way: Streets portrayed a heroic atheist, and a naive, foolish missionary. When Merrill's project fell through, Harrison approached other markets; however, no American publisher accepted it, and so Harrison approached British markets instead. Streets was not published by an American company until six years later.